Pharmacology

PHARMACODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CITRATE

Calcium plays a very important role in the body. It is necessary for normal functioning of nerves, cells, muscle, and bone. If there is not enough calcium in the blood, then the body will take calcium from bones, thereby weakening bones. Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus. Having the right amounts of Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus is important for building and keeping strong bones.

PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CITRATE

ABSORPTION:Approx 33% of oral calcium absorbed via active transport and passive diffusive in small intestine.
METABOLISM:Hydroxylated in liver to form 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, then hydroxylated in kidney to form active metabolite 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
EXCRETION:Excreted via urine

METHYLCOBALAMIN

Methylcobalamin belongs to water soluble vitamins and is also known as Vitamin B12. It works in the body by acting as cofactor in metabolic processes. Methylcobalamin is used in the treatment of neuropathies of different origin.
As an auxiliary agent, it exerts neuronal protection by promoting regeneration of injured nerves and antagonizing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Methylcobalamin alleviates pain behaviors in diabetic neuropathy, low back pain and neuralgia. It improves nerve conduction, promotes the regeneration of injured nerves, and inhibits ectopic spontaneous discharges of injured primary sensory neurons. Vitamin B12 may increase availability and effectiveness of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the descending inhibitory nociceptive system.
Methylcobalamin aids in growth of healthy blood cells, nerve cells in the body. It is a best treatment as well as dietary supplement for the people who cannot absorb vitamin B12 and / or suffers from its deficiencies. Monotherapy of methylcobalamin improves plasma / serum homocysteine level and improve the neuropathic symptoms also.

PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES

ABSORPTION:Methylcobalamin binds with an intrinsic factor and forms a complex which is absorbed in distal ileum. Its half life is 6 days. The absorption is mediated by very specific receptor mediated transport system.
DISTRIBUTION:It is distributed to every cell of the body upon binding to Transcobalamine II, a β-globulin carrier protein and is stored in the liver in an amount of 300- 500 microgram.
ELIMINATION:It is eliminated through bile.

VITAMIN K2-7

Vitamin K2 is essential for the body to utilize calcium. There are two types of naturally occurring forms of vitamin k, phylloquinone and menaquinones. Phylloquinone is the major type of dietary vitamin k, while menaqionone-4 is the major form of vitamin k in the tissues, including bone.
Vitamin K2 is absorbed from the GIT in the presence of bile salts and pancreatic lipase. Once absorbed, vitamin k accumulates in the liver, spleen and lungs, but significant amounts are not stored in the body for long periods.

CHOLECALCIFEROL

Cholecalciferol is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorbs calcium .Having the right amount of vitamin D and calcium is important for building and keeping strong bones. It is used to treat and prevent bone disorders (such as rickets, osteomalacia). It is made by the body when skin is exposed to sunlight. Sunscreen, protective clothing, limited exposure to sunlight, dark skin, and age may prevent getting enough vitamin D from the sun. Vitamin D with calcium is used to treat or prevent bone loss (osteoporosis). It may be used in kidney disease to keep calcium levels normal and allow normal bone growth.

PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES

ABSORPTION:Cholecalciferol is well absorbed from the GI tract.
DISTRIBUTION:It is bound to specific globulin. Slowly released from the storage sites & skin where it is formed in the presence of sunlight.
METABOLISM: Hydroxylated in the liver by the enzyme vitamin D 25-hydroxylase to form 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcifediol) Further hydroxylated in the kidneys by the enzyme vitamin D1- hydroxylase to form the active metabolites 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol). Further metabolism also occurs in the kidneys, including the formation of the 1,24,25- trihydroxy derivatives.
EXCRETION:It is mainly excreted in the bile & faeces with only small amount appearing in urine.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnant and lactating mothers should not take any single supplement in higher-than-normal doses unless recommended by a health-care provider for a special condition.